| 课程号 |
02319642 |
学分 |
2 |
| 英文名称 |
Traditional Taijiquan: Different Philosophy & Practice |
| 先修课程 |
对先修课程没有具体要求
建议最好有学习、练习太极拳的经历
There is no specific request for this class, however it's better for students to have an experience of learning and practising Taijiquan before the class. |
| 中文简介 |
Traditional Taijiquan: Philosophy and Practice 传统太极拳：哲学与实践
随着2020年我国申报的“太极拳”项目，列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，太极拳作为中国传统文化的优秀代表越来越受到世界的普遍关注，据相关统计，全世界练习太极拳的人数高达上亿人，是世界上参与人口最广泛的运动之一。中国在许多国家设立了500多家孔子学院以及上千家孔子课堂，太极拳是其中非常重要和富有特色的学习内容，也是外国人学习了解中国传统文化的重要窗口。近年来太极拳是否申请进入奥运会也日益受到普遍的关注。
太极拳被誉为“君子拳”“哲人拳”“文化拳”，其理念和智慧对当今运动、健身，以及修身养性都具有重大参考价值和现实实践价值。但是，目前太极拳的传播、发展、研究、教学等在国内外可以说是良莠不齐，问题多多，有的地方甚至乱象丛生，以讹传讹。其主要原因一方面在于传统太极拳的保守(传内不传外)、难练（“代不数人”）、小众化、独特的思想使其很难被现代社会所认知、理解和接受，另一方面，太极拳的巨大魅力和声望又使得参与者众多，认知理解五花八门，使太极拳的发展扭曲变形，越来越偏离传统正道，为此太极拳名家李雅轩曾言：“99%的练习者都练错了”。以太极拳的一些独特理念和观点为例，如“外三合（手与脚合、肘与膝合、肩与胯合），内三合（心与意合，意与气合，气与力合）”“以无法为有法”“实非全然占煞，虚非全然没有”“极柔软然后极坚刚”等几乎不可能仅仅通过字面的理解和翻译进行有效的沟通，需要有一个文化上的范式转换。
本课程重点围绕“如何理解传统太极拳”，计划从哲学理念和实践感悟两个角度进行考察和探讨。
在哲学理念方面，深入挖掘传统太极拳自身的特殊概念（如内气）、方法（如怎么舒服怎么打拳）、思路（如舍己从人）、理论体系（如以心行意、以意导气、以气运身），溯本求源，恢复太极拳的本来面貌，避免当前学术界、体育界用西方的哲学框架、现代科学、运动原理过度解释太极拳，同时引入中西比较的视野，探讨中西哲学的交流和互动，如“功夫哲学”对西方哲学的借鉴和启发。
在实践感悟方面，太极拳是“用身体感受中国传统文化”，借助现场教学互动，将具体形象地展示传统杨式太极拳和武氏太极拳的一些具有代表性的基本功、单式、套路、推手等的单人练习、双人配合练习，体验内气、合力、引进落空等太极拳作为内家拳的真实感觉，让学生用身心感知传统太极拳的魅力。学生通过身体力行、身心结合深入、实际地了解和感受中国传统文化。
本课程的主要讨论议题如下：1 什么是传统太极拳：独特的理念和思想；2 太极拳的历史与发展：传统与“现代”；3 太极拳的主要分类与相互差异：“十人十太极”；4传统太极拳当前面临的困境和挑战：太极拳能不能打？5传统太极拳的表达：口诀与暗喻；6太极拳的文化交流：现代沟通与中西翻译；7太极拳的哲学：东方功夫哲学与西方理性认知；8太极拳的“体操化”与“舞蹈化”：现代创新还是传统丧失？9太极拳的健身：身心一体、修心养性；10如何练好太极拳：传统师傅的教诲；11太极拳与李小龙的截拳道；12太极拳的“神功”：武林逝去还是历史迷雾？13太极是否入奥：柔道、跆拳道、瑜伽的启示；14太极拳与中医药：范式的转化与保留；15太极拳如何走向世界：自我与他者；16传统太极拳的未来：表达自我、开拓世界。
曾有人言，十字架是西方基督教的标志，新月是中东伊斯兰教的标志，而太极阴阳图正越来越被认可是中华文明的一个标志性符号。尽管目前传统太极拳遭遇不少现代社会的挑战和非议，但太极思想在中国的历史长河中绵延数千年而不绝，至今仍焕发出无穷的魅力和生命力，其养生与技击的独特理念在当今全球化时代依然具有哲学范式转换的重大参考意义和个人具体的实践价值。本课程将具体生动地在传统太极拳的哲学和实践两个方面进行深入探讨。
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| 英文简介 |
Traditional Taijiquan: Philosophy and Practice
Taijiquan is also called as Tai-chi-chuan or Shadowboxing. In Dec. 2020, Taijiquan was selected on The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, UNESCO, which certainly will attract more and more people all over the world to recognize and enjoy the Taijiquan. It is said that more than 100 million people are practising Taijiquan frequently, which makes Taijiquan as one of the most popular sports in the world. Chinese governmant has already set up more than 500 Confucian Colleges and more than 1000 Confucian Classes in different countries, in which Taijiquan is an outstanding representive symbol of Chinese culture. And whether Taijiquan should be a part of Olympics is also a hot topic in the international society.
In China Taijiquan is also presented as "genlteman boxing" or "philosopher boxing", the thinking and wisdom of Taijiquan are very unique for the sports, health, and cultivation of people. However, there are a lot of problems and distortions in the practising, teaching, international communication and research of Taijiquan mainly due to two reasons, one is that the traditional Taijiquan is quite conservative(only communicate in the families), it's too hard to master("There are only a few real masters in every generation" by Yang Luchan), modern people can't accept Taijiquan's special thinking, the other reason is that although more and more people are learning Taijiquan today, but "99% practioners are playing wrong Taijiquan" (by Li Yaxuan who's a famous master of Yang style Taiji) as they don't know and have no right feeling of traditional Taijiquan. For example, nowadays many of both foreign and Chinese people in fact don’t understand the traditional Taijiquan and often misunderstand Taijiquan as only a gymnastics or dancing due to their western thinking ways. And indeed, many ideas of traditional Taijiquan couldn't be translated by modern philosophy, western science or even literal words.
This class will focus on the topic of "how to understand the traditional Taijiquan", and both philosophical and practical perspectives will be discussed by mind and felt by body.
On the philosophical side, the Taijiquan's special concepts (inner Qi - inner energy), methods("If you feel comfortable then you are right"), thinking way (forget yourself and just follow your opponent), theory system (get a will by your mind, get Qi by your will, to move by your Qi ) will be discussed to show a panoramic view of traditional Taijiquan, which also with the comparative discussion between Chinese "Gongfu (kung fu) philosophy" and western philosophy.
On the practical side, Tijiquan is a culture which is felt by the body, as a result the class will teach students some typiclal basic gongfu, single moments, routines and push hands to help student feel their own inner Qi, and the real sense of Taijiquan.
Main topics are: 1what is the traditional Taijiquan? 2 the history of Taijiquan; 3 the main kinds of Taijiquan; 4 whether Taijiquan can fight or not? 5 the expression of traditional Taijiquan: poem and metaphor; 6 the communication and translation of Taijiquan; 7 philosophy of Taijiquan: gongfu and rationality; 8 the gymnastics of Taijiquan; 9 Taijiquan to the health; 10 how to practise Taijiquan; 11 Taijiquan and Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do；12 the miracle feat of Taijiquan; 13 Taijiquan and Olympics; 14 Taijiquan and the traditional Chinese medicine; 15 Tqijiquan and the world; 16 The future of Taijiquan
The thinking of Taijiquan is the soul of Chinese culture which still has deep influence on today’s Chinese people, by recognizing and learning Taijiquan one can surely get a better understanding of traditional Chinese health preservation, medicine, philosophy, literature, art and daily life, etc.
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| 开课院系 |
哲学系 |
| 通选课领域 |
|
| 是否属于艺术与美育 |
否 |
| 平台课性质 |
|
| 平台课类型 |
|
| 授课语言 |
英文 |
| 教材 |
无；
Confucius—the Man and the Way of Gongfu,Ni Peimin,Rowman & Littlefield,2016,The Harvard Medical School Guide to Taichi,Peter M. Wayne, Mark L. Fuerst,Harvard Health Publication,2013,Tai Chi Chuan: A Simplified Method of Calisthenics for Health and Self Defense,Cheng Man-ching,Shr-Jung School for Culture and the Arts,2003,The Essence and Applications of Taijiquan,Yang Chengfu,North Atlantic Books,2005, |
| 参考书 |
2,9781442257429；
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1,978-1-59030-942-1；
1；
1,1-55643-545-2；
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| 教学大纲 |
太极拳的养生与技击理念在当前依然具有范式转换的哲学意义和实践价值。但传统太极拳近百年来受西方科学、哲学、运动理念的影响，不断远离自身文化的本质和特点。本课程将在中国传统文化语境下（如“功夫哲学”），以及中外比较的视野中恢复对传统太极拳的重新认知，重点围绕“如何理解传统太极拳”，从哲学和实践两个维度进行探讨。
在哲学理念方面，挖掘传统太极拳自身的特殊概念（如松柔）、方法（如引进落空）、思路（如以柔克刚）等，恢复太极拳的本来面貌，避免用西方哲学、科学、运动原理过度、片面解释太极拳。
在实践感悟方面，太极拳是“用身体感受中国传统文化”，借助现场教学互动，将具体形象地展示传统杨式太极拳和武氏太极拳的一些具有代表性的基本功、单式、套路、推手等的单人练习、双人“喂劲”练习，体验内气等太极拳的真实感觉，让学生用身心感知太极拳，感受中国传统文化。
Now many people in fact misunderstand Taijiquan as a gymnastics due to their western thinking ways. And many ideas of traditional Taijiquan couldn`t be translated by modern philosophy, western science.
This class will focus on the topic of "how to understand the traditional Taijiquan", on philosophical side, the Taijiquan`s special concepts , methods, thinking way , theory system will be discussed to get a view of traditional Taijiquan; on practical side, the class will teach some typiclal basic gongfu, single moments, routines and push hands to help student feel theTaijiquan.
课堂内容与学时
1 什么是传统太极拳：独特的理念和思想，2学时
2 太极拳的历史与发展：传统与“现代”， 2学时
3 太极拳的主要分类与相互差异：“十人十太极”， 2学时
4太极拳与中医药：范式的转化与保留， 2学时
5传统太极拳的表达：口诀与暗喻， 2学时
6太极拳的文化交流：现代沟通与中西翻译， 2学时
7太极拳的哲学：东方功夫哲学与西方理性认知， 2学时
8太极拳的“体操化”与“舞蹈化”：现代创新还是传统丧失？ 2学时
9太极拳的健身：身心一体、修心养性， 2学时
10如何练好太极拳：传统师傅的教诲，2学时
11太极拳与李小龙的截拳道， 2学时
12太极拳的“神功”：武林逝去还是历史迷雾？2学时
13传统太极拳当前面临的困境和挑战：太极拳能不能打？2学时
14太极是否入奥：柔道、跆拳道、瑜伽的启示， 2学时
15太极拳如何走向世界：自我与他者， 2学时
16传统太极拳的未来：表达自我、开拓世界， 2学时
17学生报告， 2学时
Main topics in class are:
1what is the traditional Taijiquan? 2 hours
2 the history of Taijiquan, 2 hours
3 the main kinds of Taijiquan, 2 hours
4 Taijiquan and the traditional Chinese medicine, 2 hours
5 the express of traditional Taijiquan: poem and metapho, 2 hours
6 the communication and translation of Taijiquan, 2 hours
7 philosophy of Taijiquan: orient gongfu and occidental rationality, 2 hours
8 the gymnastics of Taijiquan, 2 hours
9 Taijiquan to the health, 2 hours
10 how to practise Taijiquan: experience from traditional masters of Taijiquan, 2 hours
11 Taijiquan and Bruce Lee`s Jeet Kune Do, 2 hours
12 the miracle feat of Taijiquan: truth or myth? 2 hours
13 whether Taijiquan can fight or not? 2 hours
14 Taijiquan and Olympics: experience from judo, taekwondo and yoga, 2 hours
15 Tqijiquan and the world: international communication, 2 hours
16 the future of Taijiquan, 2 hours
17 students` report, 2 hours
教学方式
本课程主要围绕“如何理解传统太极拳”这个主题，计划从哲学理念和实践感悟两个角度进行考察和探讨。每次课大致分为两个部分，每堂课学时分配课堂讲解约占60%，课堂讨论与实践练习约占40%
课堂讲解部分，将围绕各个专题，具体通过PPT全面讲解传统太极拳的历史、思想、现状、热点、未来，国际化等、并通过历史图片展示、相关视屏播放等形式全面形象地展示传统太极拳的本来面貌，同时组织学生进行课堂讨论、观摩、答疑。
实践练习部分，将借助现场教学互动，将具体展示传统杨式太极拳和武氏太极拳的一些具有代表性的基本功、单式、套路、推手等的单人练习、与助教或现场学生进行双人“喂劲”练习等，让学生体验内气、松柔等太极拳的真实感觉，让学生通过身心感知太极拳，感受中国传统文化。
Teaching method
This class will focus on the topic of "how to understand the traditional Taijiquan", and both philosophical and practical perspectives will be discussed. Every class will be mainly divided into two parts: one is class lecture which will be about 60% of the class time; one is discussion and practice which will be about 40% of class time.
The lectures will discuss about the history, thinking, development, hot topics, future and internationalization of Taijiquan to show a panoramic view of traditional Taijiquan, which also include historic pictures, related videos concerned with different topics, and questions and reviews from students .
The practice part, Tijiquan is a culture which is felt by the body, as a result the class will teach students some typiclal basic gongfu, single moments, routines and push hands to help students feel their own inner Qi, andto get the real sense of Taijiquan.
考试方式
学期作业占60%
课堂讨论、太极拳实践练习占40%
Test
Term paper will be 60%
Discussion and Taijiquan practice will be 40%
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| 教学评估 |
朱效民：
学年度学期：21-22-2，课程班：传统太极拳：哲学与实践1，课程推荐得分：null，教师推荐得分：null，课程得分分数段：80及以下；
学年度学期：22-23-1，课程班：传统太极拳：哲学与实践1，课程推荐得分：null，教师推荐得分：null，课程得分分数段：80及以下；
学年度学期：22-23-2，课程班：传统太极拳：哲学与实践1，课程推荐得分：0.0，教师推荐得分：9.5，课程得分分数段：85-90；
学年度学期：23-24-1，课程班：传统太极拳：哲学与实践1，课程推荐得分：0.0，教师推荐得分：9.25，课程得分分数段：90-95；
学年度学期：23-24-2，课程班：传统太极拳：哲学与实践1，课程推荐得分：null，教师推荐得分：null，课程得分分数段：null；
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